WHS Procedures for AI-CON
1) Basics of WHS (Occupational Health and Safety):
1.0 - What is WHS?
1.1 - Changes to WHS in Tasmania
1.2 - Why it applies to AI-CON, Volunteers and Committee Members.
1.3 - The importance of following OH&S procedures.
2) Dealing with each other, Volunteers & Committee Members:
2.0 - The importance of working together.
2.1 - Communication.
2.2 - BEING CREDIT TO TEAM
3) First Aid:
3.0 - This is not a first aid course.
3.1 - What to do in the event of a Medical Emergency.
3.2 - First Aid Station
4) Knowing your Surroundings:
4.0 - Knowing your way around.
4.1 - Important areas to identify.
4.2 - What to do in the event of a Fire.
4.3 - Restricted Areas.
5) Dealing with Mundane Tasks:
5.0 - Assessment of the task at hand.
5.1 - Performing a Risk assessment.
5.2 - Manual Handling
5.3 - High Risk Work
6) Dealing With Specialized Equipment: 6.0 - What Specialized Equipment will be used during the convention?
6.1 - Who is responsible for the Equipment?
6.2 - DO NOT TOUCH: A guide to not killing yourself or others.
6.3 - Its not working: what do I do?
7) Dealing With People (In General):
7.0 - Basics of Customer Service.
7.1 - Cosplayers and Props.
7.2 - Dealing with Angry Customers.
7.3 - Security.
7.4 - Restricted Areas and Attendees.
7.5 - Restricted Areas and Friends & Family.
Basics of OH&S
1.0
Work Health and Safety is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all occupational health and safety programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment.
1.1
As of January the 1st 2013, Tasmania has now changed over to the new WHS system, this has come into place so all states and territories are now under the one act. For an in depth description of the WHS acts and regulations can be found at http://worksafe.tas.gov.au/whs_laws
1.2
The reason why this applies to AI-CON is because running a convention is the same as working for a business, the rules and regulations are exactly the same, the title says why it applies to volunteers and committee members, but WHS applies to everyone.
1.3
Following WHS procedures are to keep you and everyone else safe, failure to do so may cause unnecessary problems like illness, injury or death.
Now this all sounds scary to those unfamiliar with WHS but to anyone who has worked for any employer or business will know something about WHS because it is everywhere. To those who do not have experience with WHS, it is primarily based on common sense but following the contents of this document at the end will give you a basic understanding of WHS.
This subject is long and tedious at times, but I hope it will give you a better understanding on WHS whether it is volunteering for AICON or in the future for whom you are working for.
2) Dealing with each other, Volunteers & Committee Members:
2.0
The importance of working together, most of you probably have worked together in the past or are friends etc, if not, get to know your fellow volunteers and committee members, not only that you will make new friends, but you will also know who to go to for information and who is in charge of what since every committee member has specific roles during the convention.
2.1
Communication: This is one of the many important subjects that needs to be covered in WHS, along with common sense, communication is another building block that supports WHS.
Lack of communication depending on circumstances can cause major problems, from simply not understanding something can impact yourself and others performance and possibly cause unnecessary risk.
To simplify this: remember to speak clearly and make sure you and the person you are talking to understands, more importantly there is no such thing as a stupid question if you are unsure about something ASK!
2.2
BEING CREDIT TO TEAM! Well actually, working as a team. Knowing who to go to, understanding the tasks given to you and communicating effectively are the basis of team work. Whether you are a committee member or a volunteer, our input is directly proportional to the success of AI-CON, we cannot do it alone, if everyone follows these procedures, we can run like a well oiled machine and make AI-CON 2012 our best year yet.
3) First Aid:
3.0
First of all this is not an official first aid course, this is designed only to give a basic overview on what to do in the event of a medical emergency, those who do have a first aid certificate make yourself known to us if you already haven't.
3.1
This is a major grey area for those who do not have a first aid certificate, for legal reasons I am not allowed to instruct you on what to do for someone who requires first aid, that said what you need to do is (if they can walk) lead them to the first aid station where they will be taken care of, in extreme cases, call for help, by sending someone to locate a first aid officer, in the event that you are alone with the person that requires first aid that is in a life and death situation and no one is available, call 000 immediately.
Again communication has a very big role here, in the event of an emergency remember to be calm and speak clearly, and when giving details of the situation, state your location first before anything else, this is to ensure that emergency services arrive to the scene as quickly as possible.
3.2
At the venue, there will be a room designated for a first aid station, be sure to identify where it is, in the event of a medical issue and they can move without causing further injury, escort them to the first aid station to have one of our first aiders to assist.
4) Knowing your Surroundings:
4.0
When we all arrive at the venue for the volunteers walk through, familiarize yourselves with your surroundings, identify everything, knowing where everything is will not only help you, but everyone else including attendees. It is not uncommon to have attendees ask questions on where specific locations are.
In this hand out there is a map of the venue, keep this as a reference for yourself, I recommend having a copy of it on you during the convention weekend, it will prove useful if this is your first time at the venue.
4.1
Important areas to identify, priorities include but not limited to the first aid station, Men’s and Women’s bathrooms, restricted areas (which will be covered later) and the fire evacuation point. Other key locations being the main entry, main stage, trader’s hall and games room.
Knowing all these areas will help you navigate the venue easily and to be able to help direct attendees.
4.2
Given that this guide was written before the venue has been chosen, the subject on what to do in the event of a fire slightly differs, mainly the venue itself will have instructions on what to do and its own evacuation points. The map you have will show you its evacuation points.
In the event that you discover a fire in the venue, firstly alert someone, and/or if accessible hit the fire alarm. A fire warden has been appointed for these situations, for evacuation purposes and depending on the severity of the fire to extinguish the fire. In the event of the fire warden is not present and the fire is not severe you are able to use a fire extinguisher which are present at specific locations, obviously check what type of extinguisher it is, it will give you directions on its operation and what type of fires it should be used on.
If the fire is too severe, do not attempt to put out the fire, evacuate the premises immediately, alert 000 if someone has not done so already, do not attempt to retrieve anything or re-enter the building until an all clear is made by the emergency services.
Not following this puts yourself and possibly others at risk, your life and people’s lives take priority over anything else in this situation.
4.3
Some areas of the venue are restricted not only to attendees, but including volunteers and possibly committee members. These areas usually include offices that are used by the staff that run the venue, storage areas and rooms not hired by us.
These areas will be marked with signs to advise that the area is off limits, anyone attempting to gain access to a marked restricted area will be reported and security will be advised.
Other restricted areas also include rooms strictly used only by committee members, this area is used only as storage and change rooms, volunteers are restricted from entering without committee members approval and supervision, this is to be implemented due to past experience due to the high amount of traffic this area had and people had things go missing that was stored in this area.
Anywhere that has sound and lighting equipment is also off limits to attendees and volunteers, meaning if you are not a part of the tech team, refrain from being in close vicinity of the equipment, clear access to these areas are a priority. The reason for this is, most if not all the AV equipment is hired or belongs to the venue; we cannot risk paying out for stolen or damaged equipment.
5) Dealing with Mundane Tasks
5.0
In a nutshell, this is "what am I doing?" basically the job you have been tasked to do, whether its helping set up a table, operating the front desk, assisting in pretty much anything. Find out what you are good at and what you are comfortable with doing, as a Volunteer you will have a diverse range of jobs to do from manual labour, cash handling and dealing with people of all ages. The idea of this is that just say you work in retail, cash handling is second nature, let us know, we'll probably have you at the front desk, obviously to save monotony you will be moved around to other jobs, but if you enjoy being in that position and want to stay its up to you.
Now, just say you have been tasked to do something you are not familliar with, if this does happen, ask the head volunteers or committee members, let them know you need help, again remember there is no such thing as a stupid question.
5.1
Ok, you know what needs to be done, I won’t speculate on this too much due to this subject being rather in depth, but as an example, just say you have been told to set up a folding table, work out what dangers may be involved, the area you are working may be cluttered with gear, people are working near you, the table may have loose bolts etc etc, this may seem trivial, but being aware of what may happen is the key to not injuring yourself or others, this is all heavily based on common sense.
5.2
Right, you know what you are doing, you have assessed the potential hazards, that table you are going to move to the area you are going to set up, you need to make sure you are using correct methods of manual handling, you've all most likely heard "Bend your knees, lift with your legs and keep your back straight" remember it, incorrect methods of lifting may cause injury to yourself. Also, if the object you are moving is too heavy, get assistance, don't try to move it yourself, even if you can think you can do it, don’t you will most likely cause an injury.
5.3
This subject is here for one reason, no one here will be doing any sort of high risk work, this is anything that requires specific equipment or training that involves a good chance of injuring and/or killing yourself without prior training and/or equipment. There isn't any high risk work that I am aware of for the convention, if for some unlikely reason there is, it’s to be left to qualified professionals.
6) Dealing With Specialized Equipment
6.0
Specialized equipment will be used during the convention; this entails everything from sound and lighting equipment to two way radios and laptops. All equipment that plugs into a wall socket must be tested and tagged by a professional, if you have been instructed or offering to bring certain items (like TV's for the games room etc) these must be tested and tagged before being used on the premises, this is for both insurance and WHS purposes.
6.1
The AICON committee and the people who we are hiring the equipment from are responsible for the wellbeing and operation of the equipment. If you are a part of the tech crew, you will also be responsible.
6.2
The whole reason for this segment is to make you all aware that certain equipment is off limits to most volunteers, barring the tech crew. This is because some equipment can be damaged if the operator is not familiar with the equipment, in extreme cases could harm yourself or others. This is imperative that you follow this, because most the equipment is very expensive to replace.
6.3
In the given chance you are operating tech equipment and it is not working, unless you own the device and know what’s wrong, come one of the tech crew or ask other committee members, a list of people related to Tech will have their details in the info sheet provided with phone numbers in case you need to get in contact at short notice.
7) Dealing With People (In General)
7.0
For those of you have who have worked in a customer service role will already have an understanding of this, those who don't, the purpose of customer service is to be polite, helpful and efficient when dealing with attendees. The attendees are our customers, we want them to be happy while attending the convention, you are their point of contact, and it is not uncommon for attendees to ask questions to volunteers regarding the convention, usually directions around the venue. The reasoning for this is that if we don’t follow this, it gives us bad rep and they will not come back next year.
7.1
Due to the nature of the convention, there will be people in costume and/or carrying props. This subject mainly applies to props, the convention rules that no live steel (basically anything that resembles a weapon and is made of metal) to be carried around the convention, they must be put in the cloak room only to be used if they are going to be on stage for event purposes. Props that resemble a projectile weapon and looks like it can shoot must have a bright orange tip painted on it, if it does not, it will be put in the cloak room, and until either an orange tip is applied or will stay for the duration of the convention and returned to the owner when they leave the premises. Sadly in this day and age, carrying a replica projectile weapon in public can get you arrested without these precautions.
7.2
In the unlikely event, some of you may encounter an attendee that is either angry or upset, the easiest way to deal with this, is to find out what is wrong, if it can be easily rectified do it, if it something you are not sure how to handle, get a committee member to help out. In the case that the attendee is violent or becoming a liability to themselves or others, call security and then a committee member. The number for security will be supplied on an info sheet supplied with this document.
In the case UTAS Security cannot attend, there are committee members are licensed security guards, whose names and contacts will also be listed.
The most important thing to remember in this case, remain calm and try not get yourself caught up in a violent situation, if the situation looks bad, report it immediately to Security and/or the committee members, in extreme cases and neither security or us can be contacted, call the police on 000.
7.3
Security as mentioned above, will be in attendance for the duration of the convention, they are there for the safety and wellbeing of everyone in the venue, they are easily identified by their uniform and displaying their security license when on duty. In the event of someone misbehaving or becoming a liability to the convention and/or the venue, they have the legal right to physically remove them from the convention or detain them until the police arrive to arrest them.
7.4
Some areas of the venue will be restricted to attendees, as mentioned in 4.3, these areas are off limits to attendees, in the event that an attendee is in this area, politely tell them that this is a restricted area and they must leave. If they refuse to comply, let them know that a committee member and/or Security will be advised to negotiate and possibly remove them from the area.
7.5
Some of us will probably have friends and family that will be attending the convention, let them know beforehand that there are restricted areas that volunteers/committee members may access, but attendees cannot. If for some reason they are required in this area for a particular purpose, they must be supervised by another volunteer or a committee member.
1) Basics of WHS (Occupational Health and Safety):
1.0 - What is WHS?
1.1 - Changes to WHS in Tasmania
1.2 - Why it applies to AI-CON, Volunteers and Committee Members.
1.3 - The importance of following OH&S procedures.
2) Dealing with each other, Volunteers & Committee Members:
2.0 - The importance of working together.
2.1 - Communication.
2.2 - BEING CREDIT TO TEAM
3) First Aid:
3.0 - This is not a first aid course.
3.1 - What to do in the event of a Medical Emergency.
3.2 - First Aid Station
4) Knowing your Surroundings:
4.0 - Knowing your way around.
4.1 - Important areas to identify.
4.2 - What to do in the event of a Fire.
4.3 - Restricted Areas.
5) Dealing with Mundane Tasks:
5.0 - Assessment of the task at hand.
5.1 - Performing a Risk assessment.
5.2 - Manual Handling
5.3 - High Risk Work
6) Dealing With Specialized Equipment: 6.0 - What Specialized Equipment will be used during the convention?
6.1 - Who is responsible for the Equipment?
6.2 - DO NOT TOUCH: A guide to not killing yourself or others.
6.3 - Its not working: what do I do?
7) Dealing With People (In General):
7.0 - Basics of Customer Service.
7.1 - Cosplayers and Props.
7.2 - Dealing with Angry Customers.
7.3 - Security.
7.4 - Restricted Areas and Attendees.
7.5 - Restricted Areas and Friends & Family.
Basics of OH&S
1.0
Work Health and Safety is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all occupational health and safety programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment.
1.1
As of January the 1st 2013, Tasmania has now changed over to the new WHS system, this has come into place so all states and territories are now under the one act. For an in depth description of the WHS acts and regulations can be found at http://worksafe.tas.gov.au/whs_laws
1.2
The reason why this applies to AI-CON is because running a convention is the same as working for a business, the rules and regulations are exactly the same, the title says why it applies to volunteers and committee members, but WHS applies to everyone.
1.3
Following WHS procedures are to keep you and everyone else safe, failure to do so may cause unnecessary problems like illness, injury or death.
Now this all sounds scary to those unfamiliar with WHS but to anyone who has worked for any employer or business will know something about WHS because it is everywhere. To those who do not have experience with WHS, it is primarily based on common sense but following the contents of this document at the end will give you a basic understanding of WHS.
This subject is long and tedious at times, but I hope it will give you a better understanding on WHS whether it is volunteering for AICON or in the future for whom you are working for.
2) Dealing with each other, Volunteers & Committee Members:
2.0
The importance of working together, most of you probably have worked together in the past or are friends etc, if not, get to know your fellow volunteers and committee members, not only that you will make new friends, but you will also know who to go to for information and who is in charge of what since every committee member has specific roles during the convention.
2.1
Communication: This is one of the many important subjects that needs to be covered in WHS, along with common sense, communication is another building block that supports WHS.
Lack of communication depending on circumstances can cause major problems, from simply not understanding something can impact yourself and others performance and possibly cause unnecessary risk.
To simplify this: remember to speak clearly and make sure you and the person you are talking to understands, more importantly there is no such thing as a stupid question if you are unsure about something ASK!
2.2
BEING CREDIT TO TEAM! Well actually, working as a team. Knowing who to go to, understanding the tasks given to you and communicating effectively are the basis of team work. Whether you are a committee member or a volunteer, our input is directly proportional to the success of AI-CON, we cannot do it alone, if everyone follows these procedures, we can run like a well oiled machine and make AI-CON 2012 our best year yet.
3) First Aid:
3.0
First of all this is not an official first aid course, this is designed only to give a basic overview on what to do in the event of a medical emergency, those who do have a first aid certificate make yourself known to us if you already haven't.
3.1
This is a major grey area for those who do not have a first aid certificate, for legal reasons I am not allowed to instruct you on what to do for someone who requires first aid, that said what you need to do is (if they can walk) lead them to the first aid station where they will be taken care of, in extreme cases, call for help, by sending someone to locate a first aid officer, in the event that you are alone with the person that requires first aid that is in a life and death situation and no one is available, call 000 immediately.
Again communication has a very big role here, in the event of an emergency remember to be calm and speak clearly, and when giving details of the situation, state your location first before anything else, this is to ensure that emergency services arrive to the scene as quickly as possible.
3.2
At the venue, there will be a room designated for a first aid station, be sure to identify where it is, in the event of a medical issue and they can move without causing further injury, escort them to the first aid station to have one of our first aiders to assist.
4) Knowing your Surroundings:
4.0
When we all arrive at the venue for the volunteers walk through, familiarize yourselves with your surroundings, identify everything, knowing where everything is will not only help you, but everyone else including attendees. It is not uncommon to have attendees ask questions on where specific locations are.
In this hand out there is a map of the venue, keep this as a reference for yourself, I recommend having a copy of it on you during the convention weekend, it will prove useful if this is your first time at the venue.
4.1
Important areas to identify, priorities include but not limited to the first aid station, Men’s and Women’s bathrooms, restricted areas (which will be covered later) and the fire evacuation point. Other key locations being the main entry, main stage, trader’s hall and games room.
Knowing all these areas will help you navigate the venue easily and to be able to help direct attendees.
4.2
Given that this guide was written before the venue has been chosen, the subject on what to do in the event of a fire slightly differs, mainly the venue itself will have instructions on what to do and its own evacuation points. The map you have will show you its evacuation points.
In the event that you discover a fire in the venue, firstly alert someone, and/or if accessible hit the fire alarm. A fire warden has been appointed for these situations, for evacuation purposes and depending on the severity of the fire to extinguish the fire. In the event of the fire warden is not present and the fire is not severe you are able to use a fire extinguisher which are present at specific locations, obviously check what type of extinguisher it is, it will give you directions on its operation and what type of fires it should be used on.
If the fire is too severe, do not attempt to put out the fire, evacuate the premises immediately, alert 000 if someone has not done so already, do not attempt to retrieve anything or re-enter the building until an all clear is made by the emergency services.
Not following this puts yourself and possibly others at risk, your life and people’s lives take priority over anything else in this situation.
4.3
Some areas of the venue are restricted not only to attendees, but including volunteers and possibly committee members. These areas usually include offices that are used by the staff that run the venue, storage areas and rooms not hired by us.
These areas will be marked with signs to advise that the area is off limits, anyone attempting to gain access to a marked restricted area will be reported and security will be advised.
Other restricted areas also include rooms strictly used only by committee members, this area is used only as storage and change rooms, volunteers are restricted from entering without committee members approval and supervision, this is to be implemented due to past experience due to the high amount of traffic this area had and people had things go missing that was stored in this area.
Anywhere that has sound and lighting equipment is also off limits to attendees and volunteers, meaning if you are not a part of the tech team, refrain from being in close vicinity of the equipment, clear access to these areas are a priority. The reason for this is, most if not all the AV equipment is hired or belongs to the venue; we cannot risk paying out for stolen or damaged equipment.
5) Dealing with Mundane Tasks
5.0
In a nutshell, this is "what am I doing?" basically the job you have been tasked to do, whether its helping set up a table, operating the front desk, assisting in pretty much anything. Find out what you are good at and what you are comfortable with doing, as a Volunteer you will have a diverse range of jobs to do from manual labour, cash handling and dealing with people of all ages. The idea of this is that just say you work in retail, cash handling is second nature, let us know, we'll probably have you at the front desk, obviously to save monotony you will be moved around to other jobs, but if you enjoy being in that position and want to stay its up to you.
Now, just say you have been tasked to do something you are not familliar with, if this does happen, ask the head volunteers or committee members, let them know you need help, again remember there is no such thing as a stupid question.
5.1
Ok, you know what needs to be done, I won’t speculate on this too much due to this subject being rather in depth, but as an example, just say you have been told to set up a folding table, work out what dangers may be involved, the area you are working may be cluttered with gear, people are working near you, the table may have loose bolts etc etc, this may seem trivial, but being aware of what may happen is the key to not injuring yourself or others, this is all heavily based on common sense.
5.2
Right, you know what you are doing, you have assessed the potential hazards, that table you are going to move to the area you are going to set up, you need to make sure you are using correct methods of manual handling, you've all most likely heard "Bend your knees, lift with your legs and keep your back straight" remember it, incorrect methods of lifting may cause injury to yourself. Also, if the object you are moving is too heavy, get assistance, don't try to move it yourself, even if you can think you can do it, don’t you will most likely cause an injury.
5.3
This subject is here for one reason, no one here will be doing any sort of high risk work, this is anything that requires specific equipment or training that involves a good chance of injuring and/or killing yourself without prior training and/or equipment. There isn't any high risk work that I am aware of for the convention, if for some unlikely reason there is, it’s to be left to qualified professionals.
6) Dealing With Specialized Equipment
6.0
Specialized equipment will be used during the convention; this entails everything from sound and lighting equipment to two way radios and laptops. All equipment that plugs into a wall socket must be tested and tagged by a professional, if you have been instructed or offering to bring certain items (like TV's for the games room etc) these must be tested and tagged before being used on the premises, this is for both insurance and WHS purposes.
6.1
The AICON committee and the people who we are hiring the equipment from are responsible for the wellbeing and operation of the equipment. If you are a part of the tech crew, you will also be responsible.
6.2
The whole reason for this segment is to make you all aware that certain equipment is off limits to most volunteers, barring the tech crew. This is because some equipment can be damaged if the operator is not familiar with the equipment, in extreme cases could harm yourself or others. This is imperative that you follow this, because most the equipment is very expensive to replace.
6.3
In the given chance you are operating tech equipment and it is not working, unless you own the device and know what’s wrong, come one of the tech crew or ask other committee members, a list of people related to Tech will have their details in the info sheet provided with phone numbers in case you need to get in contact at short notice.
7) Dealing With People (In General)
7.0
For those of you have who have worked in a customer service role will already have an understanding of this, those who don't, the purpose of customer service is to be polite, helpful and efficient when dealing with attendees. The attendees are our customers, we want them to be happy while attending the convention, you are their point of contact, and it is not uncommon for attendees to ask questions to volunteers regarding the convention, usually directions around the venue. The reasoning for this is that if we don’t follow this, it gives us bad rep and they will not come back next year.
7.1
Due to the nature of the convention, there will be people in costume and/or carrying props. This subject mainly applies to props, the convention rules that no live steel (basically anything that resembles a weapon and is made of metal) to be carried around the convention, they must be put in the cloak room only to be used if they are going to be on stage for event purposes. Props that resemble a projectile weapon and looks like it can shoot must have a bright orange tip painted on it, if it does not, it will be put in the cloak room, and until either an orange tip is applied or will stay for the duration of the convention and returned to the owner when they leave the premises. Sadly in this day and age, carrying a replica projectile weapon in public can get you arrested without these precautions.
7.2
In the unlikely event, some of you may encounter an attendee that is either angry or upset, the easiest way to deal with this, is to find out what is wrong, if it can be easily rectified do it, if it something you are not sure how to handle, get a committee member to help out. In the case that the attendee is violent or becoming a liability to themselves or others, call security and then a committee member. The number for security will be supplied on an info sheet supplied with this document.
In the case UTAS Security cannot attend, there are committee members are licensed security guards, whose names and contacts will also be listed.
The most important thing to remember in this case, remain calm and try not get yourself caught up in a violent situation, if the situation looks bad, report it immediately to Security and/or the committee members, in extreme cases and neither security or us can be contacted, call the police on 000.
7.3
Security as mentioned above, will be in attendance for the duration of the convention, they are there for the safety and wellbeing of everyone in the venue, they are easily identified by their uniform and displaying their security license when on duty. In the event of someone misbehaving or becoming a liability to the convention and/or the venue, they have the legal right to physically remove them from the convention or detain them until the police arrive to arrest them.
7.4
Some areas of the venue will be restricted to attendees, as mentioned in 4.3, these areas are off limits to attendees, in the event that an attendee is in this area, politely tell them that this is a restricted area and they must leave. If they refuse to comply, let them know that a committee member and/or Security will be advised to negotiate and possibly remove them from the area.
7.5
Some of us will probably have friends and family that will be attending the convention, let them know beforehand that there are restricted areas that volunteers/committee members may access, but attendees cannot. If for some reason they are required in this area for a particular purpose, they must be supervised by another volunteer or a committee member.